n. (noun) - a name word

 

v. (verb) - an action word

 

ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word 

 

pre. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation 

 

pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun 

 

conj. (conjunction) - a joining word 

 

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A

 

able - v. having the power to do something 

 

about - ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about the weather.") 

 

above - ad. at a higher place 

 

accept - v. to agree to receive 

 

accident - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event 

 

accuse - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a statement against someone

 

across - ad. from side to side; to the other side 

 

act - v. to do something 

 

activist - n. one who seeks change through action 

 

actor - n. someone acting in a play or show 

 

add - v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more 

 

administration - n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president or prime minister 

 

admit - v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.") 

 

adult - n. a grown person 

 

advise - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision

 

affect - v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected the singer's performance.") 

 

afraid - ad. feeling fear 

 

after - ad. later; behind 

 

again - ad. another time; as before

 

against - ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something 

 

age - n. how old a person or thing is 

 

agency - n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the United Nations") 

 

aggression - n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's borders 

 

ago - ad. of time past; before now 

 

agree - v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something 

 

agriculture - n. farming 

 

aid - v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance 

 

aim - v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose

 

air - n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, that we breathe

 

air force - n. a military organization using airplanes 

 

airplane - n. a vehicle with wings that flies 

 

airport - n. a place where airplanes take off and land 

 

album - n. a collection of recorded music 

 

alcohol - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug or in industrial products 

 

alive - ad. having life; not dead 

 

all - ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount 

 

ally - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose 

 

almost - ad. a little less than completely 

 

alone - ad. separated from others 

 

along - ad. near or on ("along the road") 

 

already - ad. before now; even now 

 

also - ad. added to; too 

 

although - conj. even if it is true that 

 

always - ad. at all times; every time 

 

ambassador - n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another government)

 

amend - v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law) 

 

ammunition - n. the bullets or shells fired from guns 

 

among - ad. in or part of (a group) 

 

amount - n. the number, size or weight of anything 

 

anarchy - n. a lack of order; lawlessness 

 

ancestor - n. a family member from the past 

 

ancient - ad. very old; long ago 

 

and - conj. also; in addition to; with 

 

anger - n. a strong emotion against someone or something

 

animal - n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat 

 

anniversary - n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the past 

 

announce - v. to make known publicly; to declare officially

 

another - ad. one more; a different one 

 

answer - n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after being asked a question 

 

any - ad. one or more of no special kind 

 

apologize - v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts responsibility 

 

appeal - v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call on somebody for help 

 

appear - v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem 

 

appoint - v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge") 

 

approve - v. to agree with; to agree to support 

 

archeology - n. the scientific study of past human life and activities 

 

area - n. any place or part of it 

 

argue - v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree

 

arms - n. military equipment; weapons 

 

army - n. military ground forces

 

around - ad. on every side (of) 

 

arrest - v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner 

 

arrive - v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip 

 

art - n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music, writing or statues

 

artillery - n. big guns

 

as - conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while

 

ash - n. the part left after something burns 

 

ask - v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher questions every day.") 

 

assist - v. to help 

 

astronaut - n. a person who travels in space

 

astronomy - n. the scientific study of stars and the universe 

 

asylum - n. political protection given by a government to a person from another country 

 

at - prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon")

 

atmosphere - n. the gases surrounding any star or planet 

 

attach - v. to tie together; to connect 

 

attack - n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight

 

attempt - v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort 

 

attend - v. to be present at

 

automobile - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car 

 

autumn - n. the time of the year between summer and winter 

 

average - n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal 

 

avoid - v. to stay away from 

 

awake - ad. not sleeping 

 

award - n. an honor or prize for an act or service 

 

away - ad. not near

 

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B

 

back - n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward 

 

bad - ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good 

 

balance - v. to make two sides or forces equal 

 

ball - n. something round 

 

balloon - n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas lighter than air 

 

ballot - n. a piece of paper used for voting 

 

ban - v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction

 

bank - n. an organization that keeps and lends money 

 

bar - v. to prevent or block 

 

barrier - n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult 

 

base - n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was based on experiments.") 

 

battle - n. a fight between opposing armed forces 

 

be - v. to live; to happen; to exist 

 

beat - v. to hit again and again 

 

beauty - ad. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit 

 

because - prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.")

 

become - v. to come to be

 

bed - n. a sleeping place

 

before - prep. earlier 

 

begin - v. to do the first part of an action; to start 

 

behind - ad. at the back of; in back of

 

believe - v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust

 

bell - n. an instrument that makes a musical sound ("a church bell")

 

belong - v. to be owned by; to be a member of 

 

below - ad. lower than

 

best - ad. the most good 

 

betray - v. to turn against; to be false to 

 

better - ad. more good than 

 

between - ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks between two nations") 

 

big - ad. of great size; not small 

 

bill - n. a legislative proposal 

 

biology - n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms 

 

bird - n. a creature that flies 

 

bite - v. to cut with the teeth 

 

black - ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky

 

blame - v. to accuse; to hold responsible

 

blanket - n. a cloth cover used to keep warm

 

bleed - v. to lose blood 

 

blind - ad. not able to see

 

block - v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement 

 

blood - n. red fluid in the body 

 

blow - v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.") 

 

blue - ad. having the color like that of a clear sky 

 

boat - n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods 

 

body - n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal 

 

boil - v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot 

 

bomb - n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy with bombs 

 

bone - n. the hard material in the body 

 

book - n. a long written work for reading 

 

border - n. a dividing line between nations

 

born - v. to come to life; to come into existence

 

borrow - v. to take as a loan 

 

both - ad. not just one of two, but the two together 

 

bottle - n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid 

 

bottom - ad. the lowest part of something 

 

box - n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or wood 

 

boy - n. a young male person 

 

boycott - v. to refuse to take part in or deal with

 

brain - n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all creatures

 

brave - ad. having no fear 

 

bread - n. a food made from grain 

 

break - v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy

 

breathe - v. to take air into the body and let it out again 

 

bridge - n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and vehicles can cross from one side to the other 

 

brief - ad. short; not long 

 

bright - ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color

 

bring - v. to come with something 

 

broadcast - v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a radio or television program

 

brother - n. a male with the same father or mother as another person

 

brown - ad. having the color like that of coffee

 

budget - n. a spending plan 

 

build - v. to join materials together to make something 

 

building - n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store or place of entertainment 

 

bullet - n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun

 

burn - v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire 

 

burst - v. to break open suddenly 

 

bury - v. to put into the ground and cover with earth

 

bus - n. a public vehicle to carry people 

 

business - n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade 

 

busy - ad. doing something; very active 

 

but - conj. however; other than; yet 

 

buy - v. to get by paying something, usually money 

 

by - conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight")

 

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C

 

call - v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request ("They called for an end to the fighting.")

 

calm - ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense

 

camera - n. a device for taking pictures

 

camp - n. a place with temporary housing 

 

campaign - n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from voters; a connected series of military actions during a war 

 

can - v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold liquid or food, usually made of metal  

 

cancel - v. to end; to stop 

 

cancer - n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts of the body 

 

candidate - n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor 

 

capital - n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's government is 

 

capitalism - n. an economic system in which the production of most goods and services is owned and operated for profit by private citizens or companies 

 

capture - v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; to get control of 

 

car - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part of a train

 

care - v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest 

 

careful - ad. acting safely; with much thought 

 

carry - v. to take something or someone from one place to another 

 

case (court) - n. a legal action 

 

case (medical) - n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at the school.") 

 

cat - n. a small animal that often lives with humans 

 

catch - v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands 

 

cause - v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result 

 

ceasefire - n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement 

 

celebrate - v. to honor a person or event with special activities 

 

center - n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is the main point of an activity

 

century - n. one hundred years

 

ceremony - n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by tradition

 

chairman - n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group

 

champion - n. the best; the winner 

 

chance - n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen 

 

change - v. to make different; to become different

 

charge - v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in which someone is accused of something

 

chase - v. to run or go after someone or something 

 

cheat - v. to get by a trick; to steal from 

 

cheer - v. to shout approval or praise 

 

chemicals - n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the science of chemistry 

 

chemistry - n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they act under different conditions, and how they form other substances 

 

chief - n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important 

 

child - n. a baby; a boy or girl 

 

children - n. more than one child 

 

choose - v. to decide between two or more

 

circle - n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the center, like an "O" 

 

citizen - n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law 

 

city - n. any important large town

 

civilian - ad. not military

 

civil rights - n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all people of a nation

 

claim - v. to say something as a fact

 

clash - n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose

 

clean - v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean water") 

 

clear - ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood

 

clergy - n. a body of officials within a religious organization

 

climate - n. the normal weather conditions of a place 

 

climb - v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the hands 

 

clock - n. a device that measures and shows time

 

close - v. to make something not open; ad. near to 

 

cloth - n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other substances

 

clothes - n. what people wear

 

cloud - n. a mass of fog high in the sky

 

coal - n. a solid black substance used as fuel 

 

coalition - n. forces, groups or nations joined together 

 

coast - n. land on the edge of the ocean

 

coffee - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name 

 

cold - ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature 

 

collect - v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive ("collect taxes")

 

college - n. a small university 

 

colony - n. land controlled by another country or government

 

color - n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown, black, yellow and others 

 

combine - v. to mix or bring together

 

come - v. to move toward; to arrive 

 

command - v. to order; to have power over something 

 

comment - v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something 

 

committee - n. a group of people given special work

 

common - ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose")

 

communicate - v. to tell; to give or exchange information 

 

community - n. a group of people living together in one place or area 

 

company - n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes

 

compare - v. to examine what is different or similar 

 

compete - v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others

 

complete - ad. having all parts; ended or finished 

 

complex - ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not simple 

 

compromise - n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less than first demanded 

 

computer - n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and for communicating with others 

 

concern - n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be concerned") 

 

condemn - v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad

 

condition - n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's health 

 

conference - n. a meeting 

 

confirm - v. to approve; to say that something is true

 

conflict - n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one 

 

congratulate - v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck 

 

Congress - n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar organization in other countries 

 

connect - v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link 

 

conservative - n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change 

 

consider - v. to give thought to; to think about carefully 

 

constitution - n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of government 

 

contain - v. to hold; to include

 

container - n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something 

 

continent - n. any of the seven great land areas of the world

 

continue - v. to go on doing or being

 

control - v. to direct; to have power over

 

convention - n. a large meeting for a special purpose

 

cook - v. to heat food before eating it

 

cool - ad. almost cold 

 

cooperate - v. to act or work together 

 

copy - v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look exactly like another

 

corn - n. a food grain 

 

correct - ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right

 

cost - n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.") 

 

cotton - n. a material made from a plant of the same name 

 

count - v. to speak or add numbers 

 

country - n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities 

 

court - n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law

 

cover - v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put over a person or thing

 

cow - n. a farm animal used for its milk

 

crash - v. to fall violently; to hit with great force  

 

create - v. to make; to give life or form to 

 

creature - n. any living being; any animal or human 

 

credit - n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time 

 

crew - n. a group of people working together 

 

crime - n. an act that violates a law

 

criminal - n. a person who is responsible for a crime

 

crisis - n. an extremely important time when something may become much better or worse; a dangerous situation 

 

criticize - v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to judge 

 

crops - n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits and vegetables

 

cross - v. to go from one side to another; to go across 

 

crowd - n. a large number of people gathered in one place

 

crush - v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely 

 

cry - v. to express or show sorrow or pain 

 

culture - n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population

 

cure - v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics are a cure for infection.")

 

curfew - n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their businesses 

 

current - n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present time ("She found the report in a current publication.") 

 

custom - n. a long-established belief or activity of a people 

 

customs - n. taxes on imports 

 

cut - v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce

 

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D

 

damage - v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things

 

dance - v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually to music 

 

danger - n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss 

 

dark - ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.") 

 

date - n. an expression of time; a day, month and year

 

daughter - n. a person's female child

 

day - n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight 

 

dead - ad. not living

 

deaf - ad. not able to hear 

 

deal - v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.")

 

debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument 

 

debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing 

 

decide - v. to choose; to settle; to judge 

 

declare - v. to say; to make a statement 

 

decrease - v. to make less in size or amount 

 

deep - ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom 

 

defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having lost

 

defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect 

 

deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or imports are greater than exports 

 

define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain 

 

degree - n. a measure of temperature 

 

delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late 

 

delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another 

 

demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force

 

democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions 

 

demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.")

 

denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely 

 

deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request 

 

depend - v. to need help and support 

 

deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness

 

deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action 

 

depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic activity during which many people lose their jobs

 

describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something

 

desert - n. a dry area of land 

 

design - v. to plan or create plans for

 

desire - v. to want very much; to wish for 

 

destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of 

 

detail - n. a small part of something; a small piece of information

 

develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress

 

device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose 

 

dictator - n. a ruler with complete power 

 

die - v. to become dead; to stop living; to end

 

diet - n. usual daily food and drink

 

different - ad. not the same 

 

difficult - ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out 

 

dig - v. to make a hole in the ground

 

dinner - n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official dinner took place at the White House.") 

 

diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another government 

 

direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing ("The path is direct.") 

 

direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came from or went to 

 

dirt - n. earth or soil

 

disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist 

 

disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb harmless by removing its exploding device

 

discover - v. to find or learn something

 

discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas

 

disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria 

 

dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider 

 

dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate 

 

dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government 

 

distance - n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance from my house to your house is two kilometers.") 

 

dive - v. to jump into water head first 

 

divide - v. to separate into two or more parts

 

do - v. to act; to make an effort 

 

doctor - n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people 

 

document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or support of something

 

dog - n. a small animal that often lives with humans 

 

dollar - n. money, one hundred cents

 

door - n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room 

 

down - ad. from higher to lower; in a low place

 

dream - v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future

 

drink - v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth

 

drive - v. to control a moving vehicle 

 

drop - v. to fall or let fall; to go lower 

 

drown - v. to die under water 

 

drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind 

 

dry - ad. not wet; without rain 

 

during - ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening) 

 

dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air 

 

duty - n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right and just

 

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E

 

early - ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; opposite late 

 

earn - v. to be paid in return for work done 

 

earth - n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil 

 

earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface 

 

ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult 

 

east - n. the direction from which the sun rises

 

easy - ad. not difficult; not hard to do

 

eat - v. to take food into the body through the mouth 

 

ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and material things

 

economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized

 

edge - n. the line where something ends or begins

 

education - n. the act of teaching

 

effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious effect on the economy.")

 

effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something

 

egg - n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal that can develop into a baby

 

either - ad. one of two, but not the other

 

elect - v. to choose by voting

 

electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light, and power to machines

 

embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants

 

emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action

 

emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness

 

employ - v. to give work in return for wages

 

empty - ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything

 

end - v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last

 

enemy - n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the other side in a war

 

energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and willingness to be active 

 

enforce - v. to make something be done

 

engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work

 

engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads

 

enjoy - v. to be pleased or satisfied by something

 

enough - ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed

 

enter - v. to come or go into

 

environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals

 

equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights

 

equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity

 

escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of

 

especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.")

 

establish - v. to bring into existence; to create

 

estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than complete information 

 

ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived

 

evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas

 

even - ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the building was destroyed.") 

 

event - n. that which happens, especially something of importance

 

ever - ad. at any time

 

every - ad. each one; all 

 

evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing

 

evil - ad. not good; extremely bad

 

exact - ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail

 

examine - v. to study closely 

 

example - n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like

 

excellent - ad. extremely good

 

except - prep. but for 

 

exchange - v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another

 

excuse - v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes false) for an action

 

execute - v. to kill 

 

exercise - n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to stay in good health 

 

exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country

 

exist - v. to be; to live 

 

expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger

 

expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event

 

expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away

 

experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The experience caused her great pain.")

 

experiment - v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or false, or to discover something

 

expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training

 

explain - v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the meaning

 

explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb

 

explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to make a careful search; to examine closely

 

export - v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country, usually for sale

 

express - v. to say clearly 

 

extend - v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time

 

extra - ad. more than normal, expected or necessary

 

extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted

 

extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an extreme or violent way

 

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F

 

fact - n. something known or proved to be true

 

factory - n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made

 

fail - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal 

 

fair - ad. just; honest; what is right

 

fall - v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower position

 

false - ad. not true; not correct 

 

family - n. the group that includes children and their parents

 

famous - ad. known very well to many people

 

far - ad. at, to or from a great distance

 

farm - n. land used to grow crops and animals for food 

 

fast - ad. moving or working at great speed; quick

 

fat - n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy

 

father - n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children 

 

fear - v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.")

 

federal - ad. of or having to do with a national or central government

 

feed - v. to give food to

 

feel - v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching 

 

female - n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women

 

fence - n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or out

 

fertile - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much

 

few - ad. not many; a small number of 

 

field - n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise animals 

 

fierce - ad. extremely strong; violent; angry

 

fight - v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; n. the use of force; a battle

 

fill - v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for no more 

 

film - v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with a camera; a movie

 

final - ad. at the end; last 

 

financial - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, investments and banks 

 

find - v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.") 

 

fine - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. very good; very small or thin

 

finish - v. to complete; to end 

 

fire - v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning 

 

fireworks - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday celebrations

 

firm - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.") 

 

first - ad. coming before all others 

 

fish - n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water

 

fit - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.")

 

fix - v. to make good or right again 

 

flag - n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or organization 

 

flat - ad. smooth; having no high places

 

flee - v. to run away from

 

float - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water or through air

 

flood - v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean onto land 

 

floor - n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.") 

 

flow - v. to move like a liquid 

 

flower - n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds 

 

fluid - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid 

 

fly - v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to travel in an airplane or flying vehicle 

 

fog - n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close to the ground

 

follow - v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey

 

food - n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength and growth 

 

fool - v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a person who is tricked easily 

 

foot - n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the ground when a person or animal walks 

 

for - prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be employed by ("She works for a computer company.") 

 

force - v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; military power of a nation; a military group 

 

foreign - ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or country

 

forest - n. a place of many trees 

 

forget - v. to not remember

 

forgive - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt 

 

form - v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind ("Swimming is a form of exercise.") former - ad. earlier in time; not now

 

forward - ad. the direction in front of; toward the front 

 

free - v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost 

 

freedom - n. the condition of being free 

 

freeze - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold

 

fresh - ad. newly made or gathered; recent 

 

friend - n. a person one likes and trusts 

 

frighten - v. to cause great fear 

 

from - prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is suffering from cancer.")

 

front - n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first part  

 

fruit - n. food from trees and plants

 

fuel - n. any substance burned to create heat or power 

 

full - ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete 

 

fun - n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness

 

funeral - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the dead 

 

future - n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.")

 

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G

 

game - n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, usually sports

 

gas - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns to provide heat, light or power

 

gather - v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect

 

general - n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including all or almost all 

 

gentle - ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent 

 

get - v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the owner of 

 

gift - n. something given without cost 

 

girl - n. a young female person

 

give - v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment

 

glass - n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for windows or for containers to hold liquids

 

go - v. to move from one place to another; to leave 

 

goal - n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; the end of a trip or race

 

god - n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have special powers 

 

gold - n. a highly valued yellow metal 

 

good - ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad

 

goods - n. things owned or made to be sold

 

govern - v. to control; to rule by military or political power

 

government - n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a country, city or area 

 

grain - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and corn; those plants that produce the seeds 

 

granddaughter - n. the daughter of a person's daughter or son

 

grandfather - n. the father of a person's father or mother 

 

grandmother - n. the mother of a person's father or mother 

 

grandson - n. the son of a person's daughter or son

 

grass - n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves 

 

gray - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white 

 

great - ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; important 

 

green - ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having the color like that of growing leaves and grass 

 

grind - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing

 

ground - n. land; the earth's surface; soil 

 

group - n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people working for a common purpose 

 

grow - v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount

 

guarantee - v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen 

 

guard - v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a prison guard.") 

 

guerrilla - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police 

 

guide - v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way 

 

guilty - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible for a bad action

 

gun - n. a weapon that shoots bullets

 

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H

 

half - n. one of two equal parts of something 

 

halt - v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop 

 

hang - v. to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower part is not; to kill by hanging

 

happen - v. to become a fact or event; to take place

 

happy - ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad 

 

hard - ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do or understand; needing much effort or force 

 

harm - v. to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurt 

 

harvest - v. to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gathered 

 

hat - n. a head cover 

 

hate - v. to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite love 

 

have - v. to possess; to own; to hold 

 

he - pro. the boy or man who is being spoken about 

 

head - v. to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part of something; the highest position

 

headquarters - n. the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a business or organization 

 

heal - v. to return to good health; to cure; to become well 

 

health - n. the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being free from sickness or disease 

 

hear - v. to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about 

 

heat - v. to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which is produced by burning fuel; energy from the sun 

 

heavy - ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force 

 

helicopter - n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one place above the ground 

 

help - v. to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aid 

 

here - ad. in, to or at this place 

 

hero - n. a person honored for being brave or wise

 

hide - v. to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret 

 

high - ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others 

 

hijack - v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by force 

 

hill - n. a small mountain 

 

history - n. the written record or description of past events; the study of the past

 

hit - v. to strike; to touch with force

 

hold - v. to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one position; to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to organize and be involved in ("The two sides hold talks this week.") 

 

hole - n. an opening; a torn or broken place in something 

 

holiday - n. a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to honor or remember a person or event 

 

holy - ad. greatly honored in religion 

 

home - n. the building where a person lives, especially with family; the place where one was born or comes from; the area or country where one lives 

 

honest - ad. truthful; able to be trusted 

 

honor - v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honor one's parents"); n. an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He received many honors for his efforts to help others.") 

 

hope - v. to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will happen as wanted; to want something to happen 

 

horrible - ad. causing great fear; terrible 

 

horse - n. a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work 

 

hospital - n. a place where sick or injured people are given medical care 

 

hostage - n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise will be honored

 

hostile - ad. ready to fight; ready for war 

 

hot - ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature 

 

hotel - n. a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers 

 

hour - n. a measure of time; sixty minutes 

 

house - n. a building in which people live; a country's parliament or lawmaking group ("House of Representatives")

 

how - ad. in what way; to what amount however - conj. yet; but 

 

huge - ad. very big; of great size

 

human - ad. of or about people 

 

humor - n. the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh

 

hunger - n. the need for food 

 

hunt - v. to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to find 

 

hurry - v. to do or go fast 

 

hurt - v. to cause pain, injury or damage 

 

husband - n. a man who is married

 

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I

 

ice - n. frozen water 

 

idea - n. a thought or picture in the mind; a belief 

 

identify - v. to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are 

 

if - conj. on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.")

 

illegal - ad. not legal; in violation of a law 

 

imagine - v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea

 

immediate - ad. without delay; very near in time or place

 

import - v. to bring from another country; n. something brought from another country, usually for sale

 

important - ad. having great meaning, value or power

 

improve - v. to make better; to become better 

 

in - prep. inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; during

 

incident - n. an event or something that happens

 

incite - v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or violent 

 

include - v. to have; to make a part of 

 

increase - v. to make more in size or amount 

 

independent - ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free; separate 

 

individual - n. one person 

 

industry - n. any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved in manufacturing 

 

infect - v. to make sick with something that causes disease

 

inflation - n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down

 

influence - v. to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change

 

inform - v. to tell; to give knowledge to 

 

information - n. knowledge; facts

 

inject - v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the body through the skin

 

injure - v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animal

 

innocent - ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action 

 

insane - ad. mentally sick 

 

insect - n. a very small creature, usually with many legs and sometimes with wings 

 

inspect - v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert

 

instead - ad. in the place of; taking the place of 

 

instrument - n. a tool or device designed to do something or to make something 

 

insult - v. to say something or to do something that makes another person angry or dishonored

 

intelligence - n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying 

 

intelligent - ad. quick to understand or learn

 

intense - ad. very strong; extremely serious 

 

interest - n. what is important to someone ("He acted to protect his interests." "She had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a business; money paid for the use of money borrowed 

 

interfere - v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the activities of others, especially when not asked to do so 

 

international - ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations; of the whole world 

 

intervene - v. to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve

 

invade - v. to enter an area or country by force with an army

 

invent - v. to plan and make something never made before; to create a new thing or way of doing something 

 

invest - v. to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making more money 

 

investigate - v. to study or examine all information about an event, situation or charge; to search for the truth 

 

invite - v. to ask someone to take part in or join an event, organization or gathering 

 

involve - v. to take part in; to become a part of; to include 

 

iron - n. a strong, hard metal used to make machines and tools 

 

island - n. a land area with water all around it 

 

issue - n. an important problem or subject that people are discussing or arguing about

 

it - pro. a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about ("The sky is blue, but it also has a few white clouds.")

 

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J

 

jewel - n. a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emerald 

 

job - n. the work that one does to earn money 

 

join - v. to put together or come together; to become part of or a member of 

 

joint - ad. shared by two or more 

 

joke - n. something done or said to cause others to laugh 

 

judge - v. to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especially a legal one; n. a public official who decides problems of law in a court jump - v. to push down on the feet and move up quickly into the air 

 

jury - n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial 

 

just - ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after the present ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I came in."); what is right or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.")

 

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K

 

kick - v. to hit with the foot

 

kidnap - v. to seize and take away by force

 

kill - v. to make dead; to cause to die

 

kind - n. sort ("What kind of dog is that?"); ad. gentle; caring; helpful 

 

kiss - v. to touch with the mouth to show love or honor

 

knife - n. a tool or weapon used to cut

 

know - v. to understand something as correct; to have the facts about; to recognize someone because you have met and talked together before

 

knowledge - n. that which is known; learning or understanding

 

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L

 

laboratory - n. a room or place where experiments in science are done

 

lack - v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having

 

lake - n. a large area of fresh water surrounded by land 

 

land - v. to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land at airports."); n. the part of the earth not covered by water; the ground

 

language - n. words and their use; what people speak in a country, nation or group 

 

large - ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number; opposite small  

 

last - v. to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after all others; the only one remaining ("She is the last person in line.")

 

late - ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite early 

 

laugh - v. to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelings

 

launch - v. to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air or space

 

law - n. all or any rules made by a government 

 

lead - v. to show the way; to command; to control; to go first 

 

leak - v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole (usually a gas or liquid)

 

learn - v. to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or facts 

 

leave - v. to go away from; to let something stay where it is 

 

left - ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facing north; opposite right 

 

legal - ad. of or in agreement with the law 

 

legislature - n. a government lawmaking group 

 

lend - v. to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make a loan of money 

 

less - ad. smaller in amount; not as much

 

let - v. to permit to do or to be; to make possible 

 

letter - n. a message written on paper; a communication in writing sent to another person

 

level - n. the amount or height that something reaches or rises to; the position of something or someone

 

liberal - ad. one who usually supports social progress or change 

 

lie - v. to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to say something that one knows is not true 

 

life - n. the time between being born and dying; opposite death; all living things 

 

lift - v. to take or bring up to a higher place or level 

 

light - n. a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able to see; anything that produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavy 

 

lightning - n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm

 

like - v. to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone or something; ad. in the same way as; similar to 

 

limit - v. to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amount or number permitted

 

line - n. a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or things organized; one after another; the edge of an area protected by military forces

 

link - v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation between two or more things, situations or events

 

liquid - n. a substance that is not a solid or gas, and can move freely, like water 

 

list - v. to put in writing a number of names of people or things; n. a written series of names or things 

 

listen - v. to try to hear 

 

literature - n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a country 

 

little - ad. not tall or big; a small amount 

 

live - v. to have life; to exist; ad. having life; alive 

 

load - v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container; n. that which is carried 

 

loan - n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest payments; something borrowed

 

local - ad. about or having to do with one place 

 

lonely - ad. feeling alone and wanting friends; visited by few or no people ("a lonely man") 

 

long - ad. not short; measuring from beginning to end; measuring much; for much time 

 

look - v. to turn the eyes toward so as to see; to search or hunt for; to seem to be

 

lose - v. to have no longer; to not find; to fail to keep; to be defeated 

 

loud - ad. having a strong sound; full of sound or noise 

 

love - v. to like very much; to feel a strong, kind emotion (sometimes involving sex); n. a strong, kind emotion for someone or something; opposite hate 

 

low - ad. not high or tall; below the normal height; close to the ground 

 

loyal - ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something 

 

luck - n. something that happens by chance

 

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M

 

magazine - n. a publication of news, stories, pictures or other information 

 

mail - n. letters, papers and other things sent through an official system, such as a post office 

 

main - ad. the most important or largest 

 

major - ad. great in size, importance or amount 

 

majority - n. the greater number; more than half 

 

make - v. to produce; to create; to build; to do something or to carry out an action; to cause to be or to become 

 

male - n. a man or boy; the sex that is the father of children; ad. of or about men 

 

man - n. an adult male human 

 

manufacture - v. to make goods in large amounts 

 

many - ad. a large number or amount of 

 

map - n. a picture of the earth's surface or a part of it 

 

march - v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group to protest about something

 

mark - v. to make a sign or cut on something 

 

market - n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are and how much money people are willing to pay for them 

 

marry - v. to join a man and woman together as husband and wife; to become husband and wife (usually in a religious or civil ceremony) 

 

mass - n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large size 

 

mate - v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature 

 

material - n. the substance, substances or matter of which something is made or from which something can be made, such as wood, cloth or stone; anything that can be made into something else 

 

mathematics - n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained by numbers and signs 

 

matter - n. anything that can be seen or felt; what things are made of 

 

may - v. a word used with an action word to mean permit or possible ("May I go?" "They may leave tomorrow.") 

 

mayor - n. the chief official of a city or town government 

 

meal - n. food eaten to satisfy hunger, such as dinner 

 

mean - v. to want to; to give the idea of; to have the idea of 

 

measure - v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something; n. an action taken; a legislative proposal 

 

meat - n. the part of a dead animal used for food

 

media - n. all public information organizations, including newspapers, television and radio 

 

medicine - n. a substance or drug used to treat disease or pain; the science or study of treating and curing disease or improving health 

 

meet - v. to come together with someone or something at the same time and place 

 

melt - v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it 

 

member - n. one of a group

 

memorial - n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event 

 

memory - n. a picture in the mind of past events; the ability to remember; a thing remembered 

 

mental - ad. about or having to do with the mind 

 

mercy - n. kindness toward those who should be punished; the power to be kind or to pardon

 

message - n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to another person or group

 

metal - n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold 

 

method - n. the way something is done 

 

microscope - n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be studied 

 

middle - n. the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or ends; ad. in the center

 

militant - n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the use of force or violence 

 

military - n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed forces 

 

milk - n. the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young 

 

mind - n. the thinking, feeling part of a person 

 

mine - v. to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; n. a place in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the ground or under water so it cannot be seen 

 

mineral - n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such as coal or salt 

 

minister - n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime minister," "foreign minister") minor - ad. small in size; of little importance 

 

minority - n. the smaller number; opposite majority 

 

minute - n. a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty seconds 

 

miss - v. to fail to hit, see, reach or meet 

 

missile - n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes when it reaches its target 

 

missing - ad. lost; not found 

 

mistake - n. a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge that it was wrong 

 

mix - v. to put different things together to make one thing 

 

mob - n. a large group of wild or angry people 

 

model - n. an example; something, usually small, made to show how something will look or work 

 

moderate - ad. not extreme 

 

modern - ad. of the present or very recent time; the most improved 

 

money - n. pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things 

 

month - n. one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided 

 

moon - n. the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth about every twenty-nine days 

 

moral - ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions 

 

more - ad. greater in size or amount 

 

morning - n. the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon 

 

most - ad. greatest in size or amount 

 

mother - n. the female parent; a woman who has a child or children 

 

motion - n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place 

 

mountain - n. a part of the earth's surface that rises high above the area around it 

 

mourn - v. to express or feel sadness 

 

move - v. to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go 

 

movement - n. the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts to reach a goal 

 

movie - n. a motion picture; a film 

 

much - ad. great in amount 

 

murder - v. to kill another person illegally; n. the crime of killing another person 

 

music - n. the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument 

 

must - v. a word used with an action word to mean necessary ("You must go to school.") 

 

mystery - n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a secret

 

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N

 

narrow - ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from one side to the other 

 

nation - n. a country, together with its social and political systems 

 

native - n. someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there 

 

natural - ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind  

 

nature - n. all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by humans; events or processes not caused by humans 

 

navy - n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea 

 

near - ad. not far; close to

 

necessary - prep. needed to get a result or effect; required 

 

need - v. to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do 

 

negotiate - v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution 

 

neither - ad. not one or the other of two

 

neutral - ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute 

 

never - ad. at no time; not ever 

 

new - ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built, bought or grown; another; different 

 

news - n. information about any recent events, especially as reported by the media 

 

next - ad. coming immediately after; nearest 

 

nice - ad. pleasing; good; kind 

 

night - n. the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when there is little or no light 

 

no - ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all 

 

noise - n. sound, especially when loud 

 

nominate - v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person for an office or position 

 

noon - n. the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime 

 

normal - n. the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what is expected 

 

north - n. the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun 

 

not - ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She is not going.") 

 

note - v. to talk about something already known; n. a word or words written to help a person remember; a short letter 

 

nothing - n. not anything; no thing 

 

now - ad. at this time; immediately 

 

nowhere - ad. not in, to or at any place 

 

nuclear - ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from atoms 

 

number - n. a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things

 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

O

 

object - v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something not alive that can be seen or touched 

 

observe - v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something ("They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.") 

 

occupy - v. to take and hold or to control by force 

 

ocean - n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of the earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water 

 

of - prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among 

 

off - ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer operating or continuing; not on; not connected

 

offensive - n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking 

 

offer - v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that which is presented or proposed 

 

office - n. a room or building where business or work is done; a public position to which one is elected or appointed 

 

officer - n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a member of a police force 

 

official - n. a person with power in an organization; a representative of an organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the government or someone in power

 

often - ad. many times

 

oil - n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily; a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel

 

old - ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years 

 

on - prep. above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book is on the table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The report on the meeting is ready."); at the time of ("He left on Wednesday.") 

 

once - ad. one time only 

 

only - ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two dollars.") 

 

open - v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret 

 

operate - v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons 

 

opinion - n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking 

 

oppose - v. to be against; to fight against 

 

opposite - ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.") 

 

oppress - v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel force or power 

 

or - conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of several choices 

 

orbit - v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or way an object travels in space around another object or planet 

 

order - v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in which people obey laws 

 

organize - v. to put in order; to put together into a system 

 

other - ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or more ("That man is short; the other is tall.") 

 

our - ad. of or belonging to us 

 

oust - v. to force to leave; to remove by force 

 

out - ad. away from the inside; opposite of in 

 

over - conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the world") 

 

overthrow - v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force 

 

owe - v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something received 

 

own - v. to have or possess for oneself

 

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P

 

paint - v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors; n. a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface

 

pan - n. a metal container used for cooking 

 

paper - n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for writing 

 

parachute - n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an airplane or helicopter to the ground 

 

parade - n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a special event or anniversary 

 

pardon - v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment 

 

parent - n. a father or mother 

 

parliament - n. a government lawmaking group

 

part - n. something less than the whole; not all of something 

 

party - n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment 

 

pass - v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or permit to go 

 

passenger - n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the pilot or driver 

 

passport - n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country

 

past - n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before; former 

 

path - n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves 

 

patient - n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem

 

pay - v. to give money for work done or for something bought

 

peace - n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet 

 

people - n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or nation ("the American people") 

 

percent - n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.")

 

perfect - ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good; without mistakes 

 

perform - v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others

 

period - n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions

 

permanent - ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time 

 

permit - v. to let; to make possible 

 

person - n. a man, woman or child physical - ad. of the body 

 

physics - n. the study of motion, matter and energy 

 

picture - n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is made with a camera 

 

piece - n. a part of something larger

 

pig - n. a farm animal used for its meat 

 

pilot - n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter

 

pipe - n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas 

 

place - v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country 

 

plan - v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing something ("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.") 

 

planet - n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.") 

 

plant - v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground which gets its food from air, water and earth plastic - n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into things 

 

play - v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater 

 

please - v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment plenty - n. all that is needed; a large enough amount 

 

plot - v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or illegal 

 

poem - n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express emotions 

 

point - v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something

 

poison - n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health

 

police - n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency

 

policy - n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make decisions in politics, economics or business 

 

politics - n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office 

 

pollute - v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or water

 

poor - n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad quality

 

popular - ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public 

 

population - n. all the people in a place, city or country 

 

port - n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where ships can be safe from a storm 

 

position - n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization

 

possess - v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by 

 

possible - ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen 

 

postpone - v. to delay action until a later time pour - v. to flow; to cause to flow 

 

power - n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the wheel.") 

 

praise - v. to say good things about; to approve 

 

 

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pray - v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit 

 

pregnant - ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to give birth to a baby 

 

present - v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at a place ("I was present at school yesterday.") 

 

president - n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of an organization 

 

press - v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications

 

pressure - n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against something else

 

prevent - v. to keep or stop from going or happening 

 

price - n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered for sale 

 

prison - n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime

 

private - ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public 

 

prize - n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that one must work hard for to get 

 

probably - ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible 

 

problem - n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer 

 

process - n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result 

 

produce - v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture

 

profession - n. a job that requires special training professor - n. a teacher at a college or university 

 

profit - n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of that activity

 

program - n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or show

 

progress - n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal 

 

project - n. a planned effort to do something 

 

propaganda - n. ideas or information used to influence opinions 

 

property - n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods

 

propose - v. to present or offer for consideration

 

protect - v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged

 

protest - v. to speak against; to object 

 

prove - v. to show to be true 

 

provide - v. to give something needed or wanted 

 

public - ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite private 

 

publication - n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine 

 

publish - v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a book, newspaper or magazine

 

pull - v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the force; opposite push 

 

pump - v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through 

 

punish - v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal 

 

purchase - v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which is bought 

 

pure - ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean 

 

purpose - n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal 

 

push - v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using the force; opposite pull 

 

put - v. to place; to set in position

 

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Q

 

question - v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed 

 

quick - ad. fast 

 

quiet - ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm

 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

R

 

radar - n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of objects that may be too far away to be seen

 

radiation - n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous 

 

radio - n. the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the air without wires 

 

raid - v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something

 

railroad - n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its stations and equipment 

 

rain - n. water falling from the sky 

 

raise - v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to increase 

 

rare - ad. not common; not usual; not often 

 

rate - n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the price of any thing or service that is bought or sold 

 

reach - v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to 

 

react - v. to act as a result of or in answer to

 

read - v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers 

 

ready - ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing 

 

real - ad. true; truly existing; not false 

 

realistic - ad. in agreement with the way things are

 

reason - n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains

 

reasonable - ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing to compromise 

 

rebel - v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or her country 

 

receive - v. to get or accept something given, offered or sent 

 

recent - ad. a short time ago 

 

recession - n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce less and many workers lose their jobs 

 

recognize - v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and establish diplomatic ties with its government

 

record - v. to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a writing that shows proof or facts about something

 

recover - v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The police recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or normal conditions ("She is expected to recover from the operation.") 

 

red - ad. having the color like that of blood 

 

reduce - v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut

 

reform - v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better condition 

 

refugee - n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment, danger or war 

 

refuse - v. to reject; to not accept, give or do something 

 

regret - n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that happens 

 

reject - v. to refuse to accept, use or believe

 

relations - n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family; people connected by marriage or family ties

 

release - v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public 

 

religion - n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods

 

remain - v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same 

 

remains - n. a dead body

 

remember - v. to think about the past; opposite forget 

 

remove - v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a position or office 

 

repair - n. work done to fix something

 

repeat - v. to say or do again 

 

report - v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n. the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a statement in which the facts may not be confirmed 

 

represent - v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as an example 

 

repress - v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force 

 

request - v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for 

 

require - v. to need or demand as necessary

 

rescue - v. to free from danger or evil 

 

research - n. a careful study to discover correct information 

 

resign - v. to leave a position, job or office 

 

resist - v. to oppose; to fight to prevent 

 

resolution - n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually reached by voting 

 

resource - n. anything of value that can be used or sold 

 

responsible - ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the accident.") 

 

rest - v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which remains; the others 

 

restrain - v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group

 

restrict - v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger 

 

result - v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a cause; effect 

 

retire - v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health 

 

return - v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back 

 

revolt - v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of government 

 

rice - n. a food grain

 

rich - ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something 

 

ride - v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled vehicle, airplane or boat 

 

right - n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It is their right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct; opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing north; opposite left 

 

riot - v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a violent action by a large group of people 

 

rise - v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of sitting or lying to a position of standing 

 

risk - n. the chance of loss, damage or injury 

 

river - n. a large amount of water that flows across land into another river, a lake or an ocean 

 

road - n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other 

 

rob - v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal 

 

rock - n. a hard piece of mineral matter 

 

rocket - n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, sometimes used as a weapon 

 

roll - v. to turn over and over; to move like a ball 

 

room - n. a separate area within a building with its own walls 

 

root - n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients from the soil 

 

rope - n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of material, used for tying 

 

rough - ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made well 

 

round - ad. having the shape of a ball or circle 

 

rub - v. to move something over the surface of another thing

 

rubber - n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a similar substance made from chemicals 

 

ruin - v. to damage severely; to destroy 

 

rule - v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that says how something must be done 

 

run - v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking

 

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S

 

sacrifice - v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, goal or another person 

 

sad - ad. not happy safe - ad. away from harm or danger 

 

sail - v. to travel by boat or ship 

 

sailor - n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship 

 

salt - n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to affect the taste of food 

 

same - ad. not different; not changed; like another or others 

 

sand - n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in deserts and on coasts 

 

satellite - n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an object placed in orbit around the earth 

 

satisfy - v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded 

 

save - v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use 

 

say - v. to speak; to express in words 

 

school - n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn 

 

science - n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the knowledge gained about them 

 

sea - n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean 

 

search - v. to look for carefully 

 

season - n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of time based on different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy season"); a period during the year when something usually happens ("baseball season")

 

seat - n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a seat in parliament") 

 

second - ad. the one that comes after the first 

 

secret - n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad. hidden from others; known only to a few 

 

security - n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.") 

 

see - v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know 

 

seed - n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow

 

seek(ing) - v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to get ("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do ("Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.")

 

seem - v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.")

 

seize - v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest 

 

self - n. all that which makes one person different from others 

 

sell - v. to give something in exchange for money 

 

Senate - n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries, such as in the United States Congress 

 

send - v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or directed to or away from a place 

 

sense - v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n. any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel 

 

sentence - v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a crime 

 

separate - v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent from others; ad. not together or connected; different 

 

series - n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another in time, position or order 

 

serious - ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous 

 

serve - v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist or help 

 

service - n. an organization or system that provides something for the public ("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an organization or business can do for money; military organizations such as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony 

 

set - v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit 

 

settle - v. to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a new place 

 

several - ad. three or more, but not many 

 

severe - ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage 

 

sex - n. either the male or female group into which all people and animals are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical activity by which humans and animals can produce young 

 

shake - v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movements 

 

shape - v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks 

 

share - v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the equal parts of ownership of a business or company 

 

sharp - ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing hurt or pain 

 

she - pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken about 

 

sheep - n. a farm animal used for its meat and hair 

 

shell - v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover 

 

shelter - v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives protection; a place of safety 

 

shine - v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to make bright 

 

ship - v. to transport; n. a large boat 

 

shock - v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake 

 

shoe - n. a covering for the foot 

 

shoot - v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to kill; to use a gun

 

short - ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall 

 

should - v. used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility ("We should study."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or that something is believed to be a good idea ("Criminals should be punished.") 

 

shout - v. to speak very loudly 

 

show - v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public 

 

shrink - v. to make or become less in size, weight or value 

 

sick - ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem; not in good health 

 

sickness - n. the condition of being in bad health 

 

side - n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom; parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body 

 

sign - v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something; evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of material with writing that gives information 

 

signal - v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a message 

 

silence - v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of noise or sound 

 

silver - n. a valued white metal 

 

similar - ad. like something else but not exactly the same

 

simple - ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex

 

since - prep. from a time in the past until now ("I have known her since we went to school together.") 

 

sing - v. to make music sounds with the voice 

 

single - ad. one only 

 

sink - v. to go down into water or other liquid 

 

sister - n. a female with the same father or mother as another person 

 

sit - v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the legs; to become seated 

 

situation - n. the way things are during a period of time 

 

size - n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something is 

 

skeleton - n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal positions skill - n. the ability gained from training or experience 

 

skin - n. the outer covering of humans and most animals 

 

sky - n. the space above the earth 

 

slave - n. a person owned or controlled by another 

 

sleep - v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed 

 

slide - v. to move smoothly over a surface 

 

slow - v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other activities 

 

small - ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite large 

 

smash - v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move with force 

 

smell - v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose ("the smell of food cooking") 

 

smoke - v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air like a cloud from something burning 

 

smooth - ad. having a level surface; opposite rough 

 

snow - n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually in winter or when the air temperature is very cold 

 

so - ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it."); also; too ("She left early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick."); as a result ("They were sick, so they could not come."); conj. in order that; for the purpose of ("Come early so we can discuss the plans.") 

 

social - ad. of or about people or a group 

 

soft - ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud 

 

soil - n. earth in which plants grow 

 

soldier - n. a person in the army 

 

solid - ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in the form of a liquid or gas 

 

solve - v. to find an answer; to settle some - ad. of an amount or number or part not stated; not all 

 

son - n. a person's male child

 

soon - ad. not long after the present time; quickly 

 

sort - n. any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in some way; a kind of something 

 

sound - n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in hearing; that which is heard 

 

south - n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun 

 

space - n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon, planets and stars are; the area between or inside things 

 

speak - v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group 

 

special - ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or more important than others of the same kind 

 

speech - n. a talk given to a group of people 

 

speed - v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done 

 

spend - v. to give as payment; to use ("He spends much time studying.") 

 

spill - v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident 

 

spirit - n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain alive after death 

 

split - v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts 

 

sport - n. any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or skill 

 

spread - v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known 

 

spring - n. the time of the year between winter and summer 

 

spy - v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information about another country 

 

square - n. a flat shape having four equal sides 

 

stab - v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon 

 

stand - v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a surface; to be in one position or place 

 

star - n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or singer 

 

start - v. to begin; to make something begin 

 

starve - v. to suffer or die from a lack of food 

 

state - v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation 

 

station - v. a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); a place where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or television broadcasts 

 

statue - n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, wood or metal 

 

stay - v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live for a time ("They stayed in New York for two years.") 

 

steal - v. to take without permission or paying 

 

steam - n. the gas that comes from hot water 

 

steel - n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances 

 

step - v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n. the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a goal 

 

stick - v. to attach something to another thing using a substance that will hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement is difficult ("Something is making the door stick."); n. a thin piece of wood still - ad. not moving ("The man was standing still."); until the present or a stated time ("Was he still there?"); even so; although ("The job was difficult, but she still wanted to do it.") 

 

stone - n. a small piece of rock 

 

stop - v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end 

 

store - v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy things 

 

storm - n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow 

 

story - n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined 

 

stove - n. a heating device used for cooking 

 

straight - ad. continuing in one direction without turns 

 

strange - ad. unusual; not normal; not known 

 

street - n. a road in a city, town or village 

 

stretch - v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider 

 

strike - v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, more pay or to make other demands 

 

strong - ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed 

 

structure - n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is formed or organized in a special way; a building 

 

struggle - v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight 

 

study - v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine carefully 

 

stupid - ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent 

 

subject - n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about 

 

submarine - n. an underwater ship 

 

substance - n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas) 

 

substitute - v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used in place of another 

 

subversion - n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government, usually secretly 

 

succeed - v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result 

 

such - ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to 

 

sudden - ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or without preparation 

 

suffer - v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or sadness 

 

sugar - n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants 

 

suggest - v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider 

 

summer - n. the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn 

 

sun - n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth 

 

supervise - v. to direct and observe the work of others 

 

supply - v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given or sold to others 

 

support - v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with others and help them reach a goal; to approve 

 

suppose - v. to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right."); to expect ("It is supposed to rain tonight.") 

 

suppress - v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from being known publicly 

 

sure - ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question 

 

surface - n. the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landed on the surface of the moon.")

 

surplus - n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.") 

 

surprise - v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n. something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected

 

surrender - v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others; to stop fighting and admit defeat 

 

surround - v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or something 

 

survive - v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation 

 

suspect - v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or illegal; n. a person believed to be guilty 

 

suspend - v. to cause to stop for a period of time 

 

swallow - v. to take into the stomach through the mouth 

 

swear in - v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to carry out the duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in the president.") 

 

sweet - ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar 

 

swim - v. to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs 

 

sympathy - n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually feelings of sadness 

 

system - n. a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a common purpose or goal

 

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T

 

talk - v. to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion 

 

tall - ad. higher than others; opposite short 

 

tank - n. a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle with guns

 

target - n. any person or object aimed at or fired at 

 

taste - v. to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.") 

 

tax - n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the government can provide services 

 

tea - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name 

 

teach - v. to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to understand 

 

team - n. a group organized for some purpose, often for sports 

 

tear - v. to pull apart, often by force 

 

tears - n. the fluid that comes out of the eyes while crying 

 

technical - ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry, transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of subject or thing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this system works.") 

 

technology - n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and services telephone - n. a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over distances 

 

telescope - n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and larger 

 

television - n. a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on a receiver 

 

tell - v. to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to command 

 

temperature - n. the measurement of heat and cold 

 

temporary - ad. lasting only a short time 

 

tense - ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm 

 

term - n. a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries out a responsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved in it 

 

terrible - ad. very bad; causing terror or fear 

 

territory - n. a large area of land 

 

terror - n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear 

 

terrorist - n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a way to influence a government 

 

test - v. to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing ("The scientists will test the new engine soon."); n. an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing ("The test of the new engine takes place today."); a group of questions or problems used to find out a person's knowledge ("The students did well on the language test.") 

 

than - conj. connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are not equal ("My sister is taller than I am.")

 

thank - v. to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that person did something kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.")

 

that - ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about ("That man is a soldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about ("The building that I saw was very large.") 

 

the - pro. used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing that is known about or is being spoken about 

 

theater - n. a place where movies are shown or plays are performed 

 

them - pro. other people being spoken about

 

then - ad. at that time; existing; and so 

 

theory - n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven ("Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of dinosaurs.") 

 

there - ad. in that place or position; to or toward that place 

 

these - pro. of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been spoken about already 

 

they - pro. those ones being spoken about 

 

thick - ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces ("The wall is two meters thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest is very thick."); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow easily; opposite thin

 

thin - ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat; not wide; opposite thick 

 

thing - n. any object 

 

think - v. to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to believe 

 

third - ad. coming after two others 

 

this - pro. of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been spoken about already 

 

threaten - v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage 

 

through - prep. in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top to bottom; with the help of; by 

 

throw - v. to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm 

 

tie - v. to join or hold together with some material; n. anything that joins or unites; links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade ties.") 

 

time - n. that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a period when an event should or will take place 

 

tired - ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or rest 

 

to - prep. showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose 

 

today - n. this day 

 

together - ad. in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation 

 

tomorrow - n. the day after today 

 

tonight - n. this night

 

too - ad. also; as well as; more than is necessary 

 

tool - n. any instrument or device designed to help one do work 

 

top - n. the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something 

 

torture - v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to harm, to punish or to get information from 

 

total - n. the complete amount 

 

touch - v. to put the hand or fingers on 

 

toward - prep. in the direction of; leading to 

 

town - n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large as a city 

 

trade - v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity of buying, selling or exchanging products or services 

 

tradition - n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time 

 

traffic - n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or waterway 

 

tragic - ad. extremely sad; terrible 

 

train - v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity; n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad 

 

transport - v. to move goods or people from one place to another 

 

transportation - n. the act or business of moving goods or people 

 

trap - v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or escape; n. a device used to catch animals

 

travel - v. to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance 

 

treason - n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its enemies 

 

treasure - n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value 

 

treat - v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure

 

treatment - n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make better 

 

treaty - n. a written agreement between two or more nations 

 

tree - n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves 

 

trial - n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a charge is true 

 

tribe - n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader 

 

trick - v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or her do something 

 

trip - n. a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance 

 

troops - n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group 

 

trouble - n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems 

 

truce - n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved 

 

truck - n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goods 

 

true - ad. correct; not false 

 

trust - v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm 

 

try - v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime

 

tube - n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a long, thin container in which they can be kept 

 

turn - v. to change direction; to move into a different position; to change color, form or shape

 

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U

 

understand - v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge of 

 

unite - v. to join together 

 

universe - n. all of space, including planets and stars 

 

university - n. a place of education that usually includes several colleges and research organizations 

 

unless - conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless the rain stops.") 

 

until - conj. up to a time; before 

 

up - ad. to, in or at a higher position or value 

 

urge - v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do something 

 

urgent - ad. needing an immediate decision or action 

 

us - pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he would write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us yesterday.") 

 

use - v. to employ for a purpose; to put into action 

 

usual - ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard

 

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V

 

value - n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of money that could be received if something is sold 

 

vegetable - n. a plant grown for food 

 

vehicle - n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck 

 

version - n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later forms 

 

very - ad. extremely ("He was very late.") 

 

veto - v. to reject or refuse to approve 

 

vicious - ad. bad; dangerous; showing harm or hate 

 

victim - n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; someone who is tricked 

 

victory - n. a success in a fight or competition 

 

village - n. a very small town 

 

violate - v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement) 

 

violence - n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage 

 

visit - v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or business reasons 

 

voice - n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking 

 

volcano - n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air 

 

vote - v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing

 

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W

 

wait - v. to delay acting; to postpone 

 

walk - v. to move by putting one foot in front of the other 

 

wall - n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land 

 

want - v. to desire; to wish for; to need 

 

war - n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons 

 

warm - ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat 

 

warn - v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad that may happen 

 

wash - v. to make clean, usually with water 

 

waste - v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned; something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the body 

 

watch - v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for 

 

water - n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes, rivers and oceans 

 

wave - v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean 

 

way - n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method 

 

we - pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I will go together, and we will return together.") 

 

weak - ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite strong 

 

wealth - n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value 

 

weapon - n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or war 

 

wear - v. to have on the body, as clothes 

 

weather - n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain, heat or cold 

 

week - n. a period of time equal to seven days 

 

weigh - v. to measure how heavy someone or something is 

 

welcome - v. to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something develops 

 

well - ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in the ground where water, gas or oil can be found 

 

west - n. the direction in which the sun goes down 

 

wet - ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry 

 

what - pro. used to ask about something or to ask for information about something ("What is this?"); ad. whichor which kind ("He wants to know what you would like to drink.") 

 

wheat - n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain 

 

wheel - n. a round structure that turns around a center 

 

when - ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); conj. during or at the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.") 

 

where - ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?" "The house where he lives is in the old part of the city.") 

 

which - pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or people ("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take the test?") 

 

while - n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at or during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you are running.") 

 

white - ad. having the color like that of milk or snow 

 

who - pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the person or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.") 

 

whole - ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into pieces 

 

why - ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason for which ("I do not know why she did it.") 

 

wide - ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited 

 

wife - n. a woman who is married 

 

wild - ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled 

 

will - v. a word used with action words to show future action ("They will hold talks tomorrow.") 

 

willing - ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about the problem.") 

 

win - v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition, election or battle 

 

wind - n. a strong movement of air 

 

window - n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with glass winter - n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring 

 

wire - n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry electricity or electronic communications from one place to another 

 

wise - ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and understanding to make good or correct decisions 

 

wish - v. to want; to express a desire for 

 

with - prep. along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a tool."); having ("the house with the red door") 

 

withdraw - v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove 

 

without - prep. with no; not having or using; free from; not doing  

 

woman - n. an adult female human 

 

wonder - v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a feeling of surprise 

 

wonderful - ad. causing wonder; especially good 

 

wood - n. the solid material of which trees are made 

 

word - n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language 

 

work - v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the job one does to earn money 

 

world - n. the earth; the people who live on the earth 

 

worry - v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad, can happen 

 

worse - ad. more bad than 

 

worth - n. value measured in money 

 

wound - v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal; n. an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is usually cut or broken 

 

wreck - v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly damaged or broken 

 

wreckage - n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed 

 

write - v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as paper 

 

wrong - ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right

 

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Y

 

yellow - ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun 

 

yes - ad. used to express agreement or to permit 

 

yesterday - n. the day before today 

 

yet - ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this time ("I cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was shining, yet it was cold.") 

 

you - pro. the person or persons being spoken to 

 

young - ad. in the early years of life; not old

 

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Z

 

zoo - n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study 

 

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Common Prefixes

 

dis - not (dishonest, disobey) 

 

pro - for, supporting (pro-labor, pro-government) 

 

re - to do again (reorganize, reunite) 

 

self - used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by the action, or to show that the action is done only by its own effort or power (self-declared, self-appointed) 

 

un - not (unusual, unhappy)

 

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Common Expressions

 

carry out - to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.") 

 

pass a bill - approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.") 

 

take steps - to start to do something ("The government will take steps to halt inflation.")

 

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Words Used in VOA Special English Science Programs

 

atom - a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that can join with parts of other elements 

 

bacteria - living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a microscope; some cause disease 

 

cell - a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals

 

chromosome - a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes 

 

compound - a substance containing two or more elements 

 

dense - close together; thick 

 

electron - a small part of an atom that has an electrical force 

 

element - one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be separated into other substances 

 

enzyme - a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances without being changed itself 

 

fetus - unborn young 

 

fission - a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to produce nuclear energy 

 

fusion - a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined together to produce nuclear energy 

 

genes - parts of cells that control the growth and development of living things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; genes contain nucleic acid 

 

genetic engineering - the science of changing the genes of a living organism 

 

gravity - the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth 

 

image - a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing 

 

laser - an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light 

 

magnet - a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this pulling force is called magnetism 

 

molecule - the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist 

 

nerve - a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and from the brain 

 

nucleus - the center part of an atom or cell 

 

nucleic acid - a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life; there are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) 

 

nutrient - a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow 

 

organ - a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or brain 

 

organism - a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a microscope 

 

particle - a very small piece of matter 

 

proteins - substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged tissue 

 

robot - a machine that moves and performs tasks 

 

tissue - living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and do the same thing 

 

virus - a kind of organism that causes disease 

 

x-rays - a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often used in medicine

 

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Organs of the Body

 

heart - pumps blood through the body 

 

intestines - tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the stomach; part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body 

 

kidney - cleans liquid wastes from the body 

 

liver - makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood 

 

lung - takes in and expels air from the body 

 

prostate - a part of the male reproductive system 

 

stomach - breaks down food for the body to use 

 

uterus - a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops